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Kidney stones are made up of salt and other minerals. They usually pass through in the urine on a regular basis. Most kidney stones go through the urinary tract unnoticed because they are normally quite small. Sometimes, however, they can get large enough to be noticed. This is often extremely painful as the larger kidney stones pass through the ureter, bladder and urethra. Kidney stones can also get stuck along the way, causing infections, increased pain and sometimes damage to the kidneys. Kidney stones can be broken up to prevent pain, infection and kidney damage.